Dr. Nico Prucha, a post doctoral researcher at the University of Vienna and joint ICSR/Vox-Pol Research Fellow, gave a one hour presentation on the ideological narratives of Islamic States as presented through their online media output. Dr. Prucha focused on the symbiotic relationships between ideology, media content and strategic action and how different messages are targeted at different audiences. While the increasingly decentralised nature of the online networks makes combating them even more difficult, Dr. Prucha stressed that any strategic response must use a broad range of cultural tools and not solely concentrate on producing Western counter-narratives.